Interestingly, although the most commonly kept honey bees, Apis mellifera, are often referred to as having been domesticated, there is no evidence that they have been genetically modified in any way over their long association with humans. Unlike other domesticated animals which have been subject to selective breeding to adapt their behaviour, productivity, and feed stock, the bees kept by beekeepers today are indistinguishable genetically from those who have lived entirely in the wild, and bees from honey-producing colonies managed by beekeepers are completely capable of moving out and setting up housekeeping on their own, much to the chagrin of their “owners”.